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Cameras and Accessories
Optics
CMCM4A
Optics in photography is essential for the capture and quality of images. Optics refers to the components and features of lenses (objectives) used in cameras to focus light onto the sensor or film.
What are lenses and objectives in photography?
Lenses are optical devices made up of glass or plastic elements that direct light toward the sensor.
The lenses can be fixed (primary) or zoom (variable focal length).
Parameters of photographic lenses and objectives
Focal distance:
It is the distance between the optical center of the lens and the sensor when the subject is in focus. It is measured in millimeters (mm) and affects the field of view and image magnification. The objectives are classified into:
Wide angle (less than 35 mm): Capture a wide field of view.
Standard (35 mm to 70 mm): Imitate the perspective of the human eye.
Telephoto lens (more than 70 mm): Allows you to get closer to distant subjects.
Opening:
It is the size of the lens opening that allows light to pass through. It is measured in f/numbers (such as f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6). A larger aperture (smaller f/numbers) allows more light and creates a shallower depth of field, ideal for portraits. A smaller aperture (larger f/numbers) allows less light and creates a greater depth of field, ideal for landscapes.
Depth of Field:
It is the area of the image that appears sharp. It depends on the aperture, focal length and distance to the subject. A shallow depth of field (large aperture) can isolate the subject from the background, while a greater depth of field (small aperture) keeps more elements in focus.
